gholamreza jafari; sajad ahmadizad; Masoumeh helalizadeh; asghar dadkhah; ali kashi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of native-local adapted games on physical fitness in individuals with Down syndrome. In this study, 18 individuals over 18 years of age with intellectual disabilities and Down syndrome in Gonbad and Gorgan were selected. and randomly divided ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of native-local adapted games on physical fitness in individuals with Down syndrome. In this study, 18 individuals over 18 years of age with intellectual disabilities and Down syndrome in Gonbad and Gorgan were selected. and randomly divided into two equal groups of exercise and control (9 subjects each). The exercise group performed 10 types of native-local games," "Dal Plan," "Spinning Top Game," "Hat Wearing," "Four Square Game," "Mouse and Cat") in a training protocol twice a day, morning and afternoon, for 12 weeks. The control group had no physical activity during this period. Before starting the exercise program and two days after completing the 12-week training period, in addition to measuring body composition, physical readiness factors related to skill were measured for all participants. To compare data in the exercise and control groups, repeated measures analysis of variance with between-group factor was used. The results showed that due to other intervening factors such as thyroid underactivity and short stature, which are intervention factors in obesity and body composition in Down syndrome individuals, a 12-week period of native-local game exercise did not have a significant effect on the body composition of the participants. However, since strength helps maintain balance through muscle contraction and resistance to elongation, 12 weeks of native-local game exercise had a significant effect on the balance, agility, and coordination of the participants (P<0.05).
ali kashi; Zahra Sarlak
Abstract
The survey is to investigate the prevalence of the use of ergogenic drugs and suplements in Iranian sports clubs. The statistical population of this national survey was the organized athletes of the country in 2020 which 12020 athletes from 17 provinces of the country were selected by cluster sampling ...
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The survey is to investigate the prevalence of the use of ergogenic drugs and suplements in Iranian sports clubs. The statistical population of this national survey was the organized athletes of the country in 2020 which 12020 athletes from 17 provinces of the country were selected by cluster sampling methoth, and by using online form, the questionnaire was disturbed to measure the prevalence of ergogenic substances among the more than 50 active sports disciplines in these provinces. After distributing and collecting the necessary information, the data get coded and imported in SPSS software.
The results showed that 1859 athletes out of 12020 athletes participating in this survey (15/465% of the total participants in this survey) have consumed ergogenic substances. Among the ergogenic drugs used, the most common among Iranian athletes were weight loss drugs (3/560%), anabolic steroids (3/028%) and appetite suppressants (1/921%), respectively and among ergogenic supplements were the most common vitamin supplements (9/858%), protein supplements (9/367%) and creatine، respectively. Of course, this pattern was different between male and female athletes. Also, the results of stepwise multivariate regression analysis identified the most important variables affecting ergogenic consumption in Iranian athletes were seriousness in training and continuing training even in coronary conditions, having a suggestion of energy consumption, having friends or acquaintances consuming ergogenic substance, information regarding the use of energy products, gender, sport, age and trying to get accurate information about ergogenic substance which explains 55% of the variability of the score of ergogenic substance prevalence in Iranian athletes.
Based on the information provided in this survey, it was found that about 15% of Iranian athletes use energetic substances, which was higher in male athletes, and of course, a significant percentage was used energetic substances among women. Some of these substances are of very dangerous and proven side effects and seriously threaten the health of Iranian athletes. Acoording the result of this research, politicians and related officials should formulate prevention and educational programs in each region of the country.