Ali Kashi; Mohammad Reza Kordi
Volume 16, Issue 37 , December 2017, , Pages 157-178
Abstract
Today, the abuse of Ergogenic Substances as a social issue has spread not only among athletes, but also among non-athletes. Although several studies evaluated the use of Ergogenic Substances use in various community, but no study has a review and meta-analysis on these studies. In this review and meta-analysis, ...
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Today, the abuse of Ergogenic Substances as a social issue has spread not only among athletes, but also among non-athletes. Although several studies evaluated the use of Ergogenic Substances use in various community, but no study has a review and meta-analysis on these studies. In this review and meta-analysis, 11 studies were eligible for entry into the study and the number 14291 participant in these 11 studies were investigated. From these studies, the 11 investigations conducted research on the men and women and 9 studies only done on women. After collecting and coding data in these 11 research, by using CMA software all data by using both fixed and random model was analyzed.The results of the meta-analysis conducted in this field showed that estimates point of taking Ergogenic Substances based on random model in Iranian male non-athletes population was 12.5% and in Iranian female non-athletes population was 5.3%. The results of this study showed that the use of Ergogenic Substances and doping is an indisputable fact and as a social problem is growing and expanding. The use of Ergogenic Substances from athletic community permeates to non-athletic community and from men to women. So, if the politicians do not pay attention, the damage every day will be more developed in young people of our country.
Mahmoud Sheikh; Ali Kashi
Volume 14, Issue 30 , August 2016, , Pages 145-160
Abstract
The aim of this present study was to evaluate the Prevalence of narcotic abuse among Iranian high school student and factors related to it among them. The statistical population of this descriptive survey was all Iranian high school students that by cluster sampling we distributed and collected 2400 ...
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The aim of this present study was to evaluate the Prevalence of narcotic abuse among Iranian high school student and factors related to it among them. The statistical population of this descriptive survey was all Iranian high school students that by cluster sampling we distributed and collected 2400 self-report questionnaires between high school student in 20011-2012 academic year in five provinces (Tehran, Ghom, Khoozestan, Mazandaran and Kermanshah) .Then these questionnaires were coded and analyzed by SPSS software in descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that prevalence of Narcotic substance in Iranian boy student was 5.25% and in Iranian girl student was 3.75%. The researchers showed most important variables that affect to use these substances including Smoking, number of siblings, having sports activities, general knowledge of drugs and psychotropic status, maternal education, father's occupation, the unemployment odd hours, use of drugs by the student and the knowledge of narcotics and psychotropic substances Battalion. The survey results showed high prevalence of Narcotic substance use and the need to develop prevention programs by attention to some variable that affect to drug abuse among this people.
