Akbar Zolfaghari; Taha Ashayeri; Tahereh Jahanparvar
Abstract
Sport is one of the modern social lifestyles, which has received attention. With the increase of sports supporters in Iran, the intensity and amount of sports violence and aggression has also expanded. Therefore, the research is to study the causes of violence and aggression in sports using Meta-Analysis ...
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Sport is one of the modern social lifestyles, which has received attention. With the increase of sports supporters in Iran, the intensity and amount of sports violence and aggression has also expanded. Therefore, the research is to study the causes of violence and aggression in sports using Meta-Analysis approach.
The method of research is meta-analysis. Meta-analysis, by systematically reviewing previous researches, tries to estimate the effect size of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The statistical population was 56 research documents, of which 33 documents were selected by observing the entry and exit criteria.
The findings showed that violence and aggression in sports depend on many social, cultural, psychological, economic, demographic and contextual factors, which include differential bonding, social dissatisfaction, weak formal control, weak informal control, social trust, social cohesion, social belonging, occupational identity, history of sports violence, social anomie, ethnic identity, cultural factors including subcultural belonging, cultural capital, religious affiliation, stereotypes, cultural anomie, psychological factors including dissatisfaction with referees' performance, sports media, feeling of alienation, antisocial personality, dissatisfaction with the club's social atmosphere, economic factors including unemployment, economic anomie, relative deprivation, job failure, and demographic and contextual factors including age, income, socio-economic base.
Violent behavior in sports is facilitated by structural pressures, social and economic anomie, relative deprivation, weak social capital, increased subcultures, biased behavior of reference groups, social exclusion, reduced binding beliefs, unemployment, reduced business climate, and lack of structural participation
