Akbar Zolfaghari; Taha Ashayeri; Tahereh Jahanparvar
Abstract
Sport is one of the modern social lifestyles, which has received attention. With the increase of sports supporters in Iran, the intensity and amount of sports violence and aggression has also expanded. Therefore, the research is to study the causes of violence and aggression in sports using Meta-Analysis ...
Read More
Sport is one of the modern social lifestyles, which has received attention. With the increase of sports supporters in Iran, the intensity and amount of sports violence and aggression has also expanded. Therefore, the research is to study the causes of violence and aggression in sports using Meta-Analysis approach.
The method of research is meta-analysis. Meta-analysis, by systematically reviewing previous researches, tries to estimate the effect size of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The statistical population was 56 research documents, of which 33 documents were selected by observing the entry and exit criteria.
The findings showed that violence and aggression in sports depend on many social, cultural, psychological, economic, demographic and contextual factors, which include differential bonding, social dissatisfaction, weak formal control, weak informal control, social trust, social cohesion, social belonging, occupational identity, history of sports violence, social anomie, ethnic identity, cultural factors including subcultural belonging, cultural capital, religious affiliation, stereotypes, cultural anomie, psychological factors including dissatisfaction with referees' performance, sports media, feeling of alienation, antisocial personality, dissatisfaction with the club's social atmosphere, economic factors including unemployment, economic anomie, relative deprivation, job failure, and demographic and contextual factors including age, income, socio-economic base.
Violent behavior in sports is facilitated by structural pressures, social and economic anomie, relative deprivation, weak social capital, increased subcultures, biased behavior of reference groups, social exclusion, reduced binding beliefs, unemployment, reduced business climate, and lack of structural participation
Behnam Naghipour Givi; Hassan Asadi
Volume 14, Issue 27 , June 2015, , Pages 133-146
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the team identity, regional identity and religious identity in the genesis of national identity of Republic Islamic of Iran in Fars region and also Azari and Kurd regions. Sample data of study was estimated 17000 and volume obtained 189 for each group using ...
Read More
The objective of this study was to analyze the team identity, regional identity and religious identity in the genesis of national identity of Republic Islamic of Iran in Fars region and also Azari and Kurd regions. Sample data of study was estimated 17000 and volume obtained 189 for each group using Cochran model as well. The questionnaires was employed based on James and Hier (2007) which are used in several researches around the world. The researcher used two statistical methods (Descriptive and Inferential) for analyzing data. In order to analyze the data in the descriptive section, features of test including age, educational grade, field of study, ethnicity, fan, religion and average and standards deviation by descriptive statistical methods presented. The parametric inferential statistical method employed because Kolmogorov–Smirnov test proved that the data distribution was normal. In the second section, Pearson correlation and regression was applied using SPSS 2.0 and Amos 2.0. In the sample with 30 people similar to the main population of study shows that the results have stability of 0.7 in the each group. The inferential results show Regression analysis represented a significant relationship between independent variables of team identity, regional identity and religious identity on dependent variable of fans’ national identity. ANOVA analysis also approved the significant coefficient B in regression equation (sig=0.001), (Sig=0.05)With respect to the results. It’s strongly recommended to consider multi dimension of identity variables in order to improve required plans.
