Mohammad Amin Savari; Amin Khatibi; Esmaeel Veisia
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the perceptions of football referees in Iran and Iraq regarding the variables of organizational support, violence and collusion. The present research method was descriptive-comparative which was done electronically through a questionnaire. The statistical population ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the perceptions of football referees in Iran and Iraq regarding the variables of organizational support, violence and collusion. The present research method was descriptive-comparative which was done electronically through a questionnaire. The statistical population was all football referees working in Iran and Iraq who had a history of refereeing in the Premier League, Asian Championships and World Cups (N = 150). The statistical sample of active referees in the Premier League, Asian competitions and international competitions in the season (99-99) in Iran was 100 people and in Iraq was 50 people who used the sampling method (n = 150). Data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire, perceived organizational support questionnaire, perceived collusion, and perceived violence. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and one-sample t-test. The results of the study showed that the variables of perceived organizational support, perceived violence and perceived collusion were significant in the judges of Iran and Iraq (P = 0/001). Perceived violence and perceived collusion were assessed as undesirable by Iranian judges and by Iraqi judges. The organizational support perceived by the Iranian referees and Iraq referees is significantly unfavorable. Data collection tools were personal information questionnaire, Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire (Yuna Hong, 2019), Perceived Collusion (Jonas Vicchers, 2019) and Perceived Violence (Alon Acre, 2013). In order to organizational support and eliminate violence and collusion in football, it is suggested to try to eliminate violence and collusion by adopting basic planning in basic and championship football.
zohrab gohari; somayeh emadi; Fatemeh Rowshani
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design a model of strategic priorities in the professional development of Iranian football coaches. The research method is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. Research data were collected in the field and in a mixed manner (qualitative and quantitative). Sampling ...
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The purpose of this study was to design a model of strategic priorities in the professional development of Iranian football coaches. The research method is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. Research data were collected in the field and in a mixed manner (qualitative and quantitative). Sampling in the qualitative section was based on a specialized and purposeful panel and was equal to 18 people. The statistical population in the small section, including the officials of the football federation and the provincial football delegations, was equal to 56 people. Due to the limited number of members, the community became equal to the sample. Research data were obtained through a review of research background, expert opinions and a questionnaire. Swat analysis method was used to formulate strategies and interpretive structural modeling method was used to determine action priorities. The findings showed that the training and development system of the Football Federation coaches has eight strengths, nine weaknesses, six opportunities and six threats. Using SWOT analysis, 11 strategies were designed that were structured in six levels. Quantitative and quantitative development strategies of coaching and development of women's soccer coaching were at the first level and quantitative and qualitative development strategies of coaching instructors and development interactions with leading football countries for international learning were at the basic level. Interacting and concluding a memorandum of cooperation with countries with football style to use their technical development experiences and quality of coaching courses, will pave the way for the development of coaches' professions.
Rasoul Tarighi; seyed mohammad hossein razavi
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the risks of the sustainable supply chain of professional football clubs in Iran with a meta-combination approach of various meta-study methods. In the current research, by applying the systematic review and qualitative meta-combination approach, he analyzed ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the risks of the sustainable supply chain of professional football clubs in Iran with a meta-combination approach of various meta-study methods. In the current research, by applying the systematic review and qualitative meta-combination approach, he analyzed the results and findings of previous researchers and by performing the seven steps of the method of Sandlovski and Barroso, a conceptual model for investigating the risks of the sustainable supply chain of professional clubs. Iranian football is categorized. Based on the three-step coding, these factors were analyzed and classified into 9 main categories with 69 core codes. In order to measure the reliability and control the quality of the present study, Kappa method was used. The calculated Kappa coefficient is equal to 0.750, which is at the level of valid agreements. The results of the research showed that 9 dimensions of risks including (economic, social, political, market, policies and laws, infrastructure and technology and internal manager, environment and supply operations processes) on sustainable supply chain management Iran's football club industry is influential. Therefore, it is suggested to the managers of the country's football clubs to pay due attention by identifying the risks of the sustainable supply chain in the organization, in order to better manage and control and reduce possible damages
Atefesadat Mirmahdavi; vahid Shojaei; mohammad hami
Abstract
The aim of the current research was the legal pathology of conspiracy in Iranian football. Based on the content of the subject and the objectives of the research, it is qualitative and based on data-based theory. The statistical population of the research included 14 football experts in the legal department ...
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The aim of the current research was the legal pathology of conspiracy in Iranian football. Based on the content of the subject and the objectives of the research, it is qualitative and based on data-based theory. The statistical population of the research included 14 football experts in the legal department and pathology of conspiracy . The sampling method was purposeful judgment and the interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner. In the final pattern; Causal factors (supervisory deficiencies, individual deficiencies, media deficiencies, and management deficiencies) are the reason for paying attention to the central phenomenon (the pathology of conspiracy in Iranian football) and its use strategies (cultivating and improving the process of signing contracts, providing laws and continuous revision, improving financial dimensions). and the development of information dimensions) in terms of intervening factors (intervening government issues, internal market issues, individual issues and sports issues) and existing contexts (processes before agreements and transactions, processes during agreements and transactions and subsequent processes) of agreements and deals) in the research, it has positive consequences in (reducing the negative effects of conspiracy , improving the individual skills of players and improving the atmosphere of professional sports). Cultivation by the sports officials in order to have an environment free from any conspiracy , it is suggested that the sports managers of the football teams consider measures to create the ideal mental-psychological conditions of the players and focus their attention on the group goals and finally by the sports trustees. and laws of the country,
Ehsan Askari karizi; Hossein Peymanizad; Hassan Fahim Devin; Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh Ghandehari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the pathology of the Iranian football planning system based on the characteristics of the governance structure. The present research is a descriptive survey research and has an applied nature. The statistical population of the study consists of all organizational human ...
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The aim of this study was to assess the pathology of the Iranian football planning system based on the characteristics of the governance structure. The present research is a descriptive survey research and has an applied nature. The statistical population of the study consists of all organizational human resources working in the Football Federation and Iranian football delegations, which are 865 people, which according to Morgan table, 206 people were evaluated by random cluster sampling. To identify the items related to interviewing experts and reviewing the theoretical foundations, the basic research tools were developed. The questionnaire was analyzed after determining the face and content validity by heuristic factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Fortel Locker tests and structural equations. The findings showed that the characteristics of the governance structure are: factor 1 (damage to transparency), factor 2 (damage to teamwork), factor 3 (damage to human capital and stakeholders), factor 4 (damage to the democratic process), factor 5 (Selection and selection injuries), factor 6 (professional and ethical behavior injuries), factor 7 (control index injuries), factor 8 (feedback and accountability injuries). Based on this, it can be concluded that high-level managers should be selected based on ability, job competence, quality of work, leadership capacity, honesty and work experience, and experts in the field of sports law are attracted to the federation and programs are based on legal characteristics. International is moving forward.
Hadi Nouri Naghadeh; Yaghob Badriazarin
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating and analyzing the psychological and sociological effects of the selection test of the national teams of the basic levels of Iranian football. The current research is descriptive-survey in terms of practical purpose. The statistical population ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating and analyzing the psychological and sociological effects of the selection test of the national teams of the basic levels of Iranian football. The current research is descriptive-survey in terms of practical purpose. The statistical population included the athletes present in the tests of the national teams in the basic categories of teenagers, which took place in 1041-1400. According to the sample size and using Morgan's table; The number of 384 people who were selected in a targeted way. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts (10 people). Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test (0.89) and composite reliability (0.91). In order to analyze the data and check the fit of the model, structural equation modeling was used in SPS and PLS software. The results of this research showed that a total of 24 components were identified, and these components were classified into two general categories including psychological issues and sociological issues. In the psychological issues section, this section was divided into three categories: motivational aspects, behavioral aspects and mental aspects. Also, in the section of sociological issues, this section was divided into three categories: communication aspects, environmental aspects and social aspects. In general, based on the findings of the research, it can be said that in order to reduce the psychological and sociological effects, the selective test of training courses should be formed
Farshad Jafarvandnou; mehrdad navabakhsh; Akbar Afarineshkhaki
Abstract
There are various reasons for the occurrence of violence in sports competitions, but psychologists and sociologists believe that the spirit and individual characteristics are the most important factors. Therefore, taking into account that many young people in our country are interested in sports, especially ...
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There are various reasons for the occurrence of violence in sports competitions, but psychologists and sociologists believe that the spirit and individual characteristics are the most important factors. Therefore, taking into account that many young people in our country are interested in sports, especially football, and on the other hand, sports violence is also happening continuously, so we should look for the causes of violence and sports deviations in Iran with a future research approach and answered this question accurately. According to the literature review and the purpose of the research, the causes of violence and sports deviations in Iran have been discussed with a future research approach (football field study). The statistical population is the sports professors and experts of the country. The list of statistical society was prepared with the supervisor's opinion, which have the following common characteristics in this research: be familiar with the causes of violence and sports deviations in Iran; to cooperate in at least one of the performance outputs on the causes of violence and sports deviations in the country; and has done at least one of the cases related to the causes of violence and sports deviations. A total of 10 professors and experts were interviewed, who were selected by the snowball method. In the qualitative analysis, the interviews conducted through open coding and axial coding of categories were carried out, which led to the identification of the concepts and components related to the causes of violence and sports deviations in Iran.
mohammad Norian; Siroos Ahmadi; ramin moradi; masomeh masodi
Abstract
Successes and failures of national football teams in the FIFA World Cup are potentially able to impact on psycho-social life of people. This research aims to examine the impact of Iran’s national football team results in the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar on Iranian citizens’ hope. The research ...
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Successes and failures of national football teams in the FIFA World Cup are potentially able to impact on psycho-social life of people. This research aims to examine the impact of Iran’s national football team results in the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar on Iranian citizens’ hope. The research was carried out using a one-group natural experiment with a pretest and three post-tests on 254 people in Yasouj. The measurement tool was the Adults Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS) prepared by Snyder (1991) whose psychometric properties has been approved in Iran. The results showed that citizens’ hope has decreased during different stages but it is not statistically significant. Based on the results, hope in the pathway dimension, has been statistically dropped after the defeat of Iran’s national football team in the FIFA World Cup. Given the effect of the sports national team's results on hope, the research concludes that by planning to obtain successful results in international tournaments can improve hope as a necessary need of the country to overcome some of the important problems of society.
Hamid karimi; Seyed Saeid Aghaei; Ali Baseri
Abstract
Hooliganism as one of the phenomena in football should be pursued more seriously. The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the cognitive-behavioral factors affecting post-soccer riots. In terms of applied purpose, the present study was mixed in terms of data collection method. The ...
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Hooliganism as one of the phenomena in football should be pursued more seriously. The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the cognitive-behavioral factors affecting post-soccer riots. In terms of applied purpose, the present study was mixed in terms of data collection method. The qualitative method used in the present study was single analysis. The statistical population of the present study included people aware of the subject of the study who according to the purposeful sampling method, 12 people were identified as the research sample. Sampling in this study continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The statistical population included a small number of spectators present in Iranian Premier League football. In order to analyze the data of the present study, open, axial and selective coding as well as structural equation method were used. The whole process of data analysis was performed in MaxQda, SPSS and PLS software. Data collection tools in the present study include interviews; the questionnaire was made by a researcher. According to the results, it was determined that the cognitive-behavioral factors affecting the Hooliganism after the football game include attitudinal, personality and individual aspects (cognitive factors) as well as cultural, environmental and social issues (behavioral factors). The results showed that among the identified factors, the cultural factor was identified as the most important factor with an impact of 0.919. Therefore, the results show that in order to reduce the Hooliganism after the football game, a comprehensive policy should be made in the direction of cultural transformation.
Samira ahmadi; Masoud Naderian Jahormi; Habib Honari
Abstract
This research aims to provide a model for the mass improvement of financial services in Iran's football clubs with the Fuzzy Dimetal approach. In this way, first the indicators were extracted from numerous scientific and reliable articles whose sources are mentioned, then the conceptual model of ...
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This research aims to provide a model for the mass improvement of financial services in Iran's football clubs with the Fuzzy Dimetal approach. In this way, first the indicators were extracted from numerous scientific and reliable articles whose sources are mentioned, then the conceptual model of the research was made with the opinion of professors and experts and they were asked to determine the importance of the indicators for this research. Remove the undesirable from the model. In this research, in order to identify the conditions governing the identified main and sub-criteria and to determine the intensity of the influence of the indicators, the Dimtel Fuzzy method was used. The results of the research show that the creation of financial concentration, coalition building, trust building as the cause and expansion of the coefficient. Influence and social stimuli in sports are the criteria of mass financing in sports clubs of the country. Therefore, mass financing methods as one of the necessities of professional sports in the current environment, especially in football, play an important role in promoting and expanding football throughout the country. In other words, the laws related to mass financing methods not only do not limit the activities and football clubs and do not create a barrier to their development; Rather, it has been created with the aim of spreading justice in football and also spreading football
Mohammad Firoozian; Kamelia Abdi; Seyed Javad Iranban
Abstract
The aim of the research was to design a predictive management model in the Iranian Football Federation with an interpretative structural approach. The method of descriptive research and data collection was in the field. The data was obtained from the review of 15 domestic predictive articles, 21 related ...
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The aim of the research was to design a predictive management model in the Iranian Football Federation with an interpretative structural approach. The method of descriptive research and data collection was in the field. The data was obtained from the review of 15 domestic predictive articles, 21 related foreign articles and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 experts of the federation and football boards with the purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation principle. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by university professors and its reliability was confirmed by the review of 5 participants and recoding by two coders. ISM method was used for structuring and leveling variables. The result of data extraction was 89 basic themes, 14 organizing themes and 6 inclusive themes. Based on the findings in the second part of the research, the interesting themes (variables) were structured in seven levels and the development of skills and motivational factors were placed in the basic level. It can be said that the belief of the senior managers of the federation in the effectiveness of proactive management, creating motivation in the middle managers and employees of the football federation and the officials of the boards, the variety of skills of managers and employees and the skill of identifying the problem and planning it facilitates the realization of other drivers of proactive management and smooths the development of football.
ali zamirikamel; Shahab Bahrami; alireza moradi; seyed salahadin naghshbandi
Abstract
The study is to identify the factors affecting tax policy in Iranian professional football. It is one of the mixed researches that was performed qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population in the qualitative section included all the elites in the field of sports management in the country ...
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The study is to identify the factors affecting tax policy in Iranian professional football. It is one of the mixed researches that was performed qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population in the qualitative section included all the elites in the field of sports management in the country and in the field of economics and taxation in sports. Based on the selection of snowballs, a number of theoretical saturations were identified as the research sample. Also, in the quantitative part of the present study, in addition to the elites of the country's sports management and the field of economics and taxation in sports, some experts of the Tax Affairs Organization and some experts of the Iranian Football Federation were added to the statistical community. After initial estimates, their number included 150 people. The data collection tools included a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to evaluate the research findings, open, axial and selective coding in the qualitative part as well as sign test and structural equation test in the quantitative part were used. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS and PLS software.
The results showed that the causal conditions affecting the development of tax policies in Iranian professional football, including legal aspects, managerial aspects, regulatory aspects, human aspects, databases, cultural characteristics, financial status, organizational support and technical infrastructure. Finally, it can be said that the model of the study was of a good fit.
Mohamadmahdi Salatin Eslamiye; Nematollah Nemati; Tahereh Bagherpour
Abstract
The study is to investigate the obstacles to the privatization of Iranian football clubs through legal approach. The statistical population included professors of sports management and professors of sports law and law who were familiar with sports and the legal structure of sports. It was conducted by ...
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The study is to investigate the obstacles to the privatization of Iranian football clubs through legal approach. The statistical population included professors of sports management and professors of sports law and law who were familiar with sports and the legal structure of sports. It was conducted by the method of snowball to saturation, and finally twenty people were examined. First, through library research and referring to other studies, the preliminaries of the research were provided and then, through interviews, dimensions and items were identified, total of 12 components, and then the interpretive structural process was performed.
The findings showed that barriers to privatization of Iranian football clubs include barriers to clubs entering the capital market, structural problems of the stock market, financial barriers of clubs, bureaucracies of sports organizations, administrative problems of regulatory bodies, lack of transparency in administrative legal procedure, interference Government in the privatization of clubs, the influence of non-athletes in clubs, non-implementation of legal privatization laws, clubs' dependence on public and private sectors, distance from FIFA financial standards and legal restrictions on revenue generation.
According to the findings, it can be concluded that in order to develop privatization in Iranian football clubs, legal infrastructure should be created in privatization organizations and stock exchanges, and the private sector should enter the clubs by creating transparency in the structure of clubs.
Reza Khojasteh Eghbal; Majid Jalali Farahani; Ebrahim Alidoust
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of Iranian youth football development based on the Grassroots football program. The method of this research is descriptive-survey and it is a type of applied study that has been accomplished in field. The statistic population of study included officials ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of Iranian youth football development based on the Grassroots football program. The method of this research is descriptive-survey and it is a type of applied study that has been accomplished in field. The statistic population of study included officials of the Football Federation and National Football Center, top football schools managers and top youth football coaches of Iran (170 persons). According to the Morgan sampling table, 118 persons were selected as the statistical sample. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire and a standard check-list were used. The validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by the experts and its reliability was determined 0.91 based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistic methods, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, One-sample t-test and Friedman distribution were used by SPSS-22. The results indicate that in all components, Iranian youth football does not have a desirable status. Also, the prioritization of the components showed that the highest rank was related to the knowledge of coaches and the lowest rank was related to the financial and marketing. Therefore, the most important practical actions are preparation of the Grassroots' Charter, launching of e-learning opportunities, approval of the monopoly budget, investments in the Grassroots' facilities and equipment development plans, using of sponsors' assistance and the promotion of philosophy and activities of Grassroots football.
Rasool Nazari; Nasrolah Sajadi; Javad Mohammadi; Hosaein Rajabi
Abstract
It seems that sport as an important part of development is sustainable development. The purpose of this research is the perspective of strategic land-use planning for Iran football. The statistical society, sports experts Iran. A total of 70 people were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. ...
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It seems that sport as an important part of development is sustainable development. The purpose of this research is the perspective of strategic land-use planning for Iran football. The statistical society, sports experts Iran. A total of 70 people were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods coefficient initial questionnaire and open interviews and ratings were used for data collection and analysis. The research instrument was a self-made check list in which respondents were asked to indicate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the sport's List, while using geographic information system (GIS) to provide descriptive-analytic model, and part of the data in the software Arc - GIS analysis to investigate. The overall result of the study showed that treatment football in Iran, uneven distribution of places and spaces across the Iran, there is football, In addition, with regard to the Matrix positioning and strategic action status table football Iran was competitive.
Mahboubeh Naghavi; amirreza Khadem
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to investigate the role of social capital in shaping the desirable behaviors of football spectators by emphasizing the presence of women in sports stadiums. The research was carried out in accordance with the method of collecting data from a mixed exploratory sequence. ...
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The purpose of the research was to investigate the role of social capital in shaping the desirable behaviors of football spectators by emphasizing the presence of women in sports stadiums. The research was carried out in accordance with the method of collecting data from a mixed exploratory sequence. Data collection tools in the qualitative stage are semi-structured interviews. The statistical sample consisted of 23 people from male and female sports spectators and members of the Fans' Association, spectator leaders in stadiums, professional athletes, coaches, sports managers, psychologists and sports sociologists, and sports media professionals. The research samples were selected by targeted sampling method and snowball method. In the qualitative stage, the data were analyzed by coding method in three stages: open, central and selective. The findings included 63 categories in open coding, in axial coding in the form of 10 classification concepts. In the selection coding stage, the components of social capital have been modeled, which have influenced the formation of desirable behaviors of football spectators. In the quantitative phase, the sample consisted of 200 individuals randomly selected. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used using 20 Spss and AMOS software to evaluate the research model. The results of the research model showed that according to the Goodness Fitness Index (GFI), 0.913 The model developed in the field of the role of social capital on the formation of desirable behaviors of football spectators with emphasis on the presence of women in sports stadiums has the desired quality.
Shahram Chaleshtari Mokari; Abolfazl Farahani; Abbass Khodayari; Ali Mohammad Safania
Abstract
This study is to design a model of a comprehensive system of club football in Iran. Accordingly, this research has been done through qualitative method and using data theory. Purposive sampling was performed with 25 sport management professors, experts and athletes and theoretical saturation. The data ...
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This study is to design a model of a comprehensive system of club football in Iran. Accordingly, this research has been done through qualitative method and using data theory. Purposive sampling was performed with 25 sport management professors, experts and athletes and theoretical saturation. The data analysis of the interviews was coded in accordance with the research strategy in three stages. NVIVO software was used in coding. The results showed that the proposed model and model of research in the framework of the football club system in the country, consisting of 14 core categories of destructive defects, attention to infrastructure, leadership, privatization, human resources development, legal and regulatory aspects, tax system, club ownership, understanding of the environment, education, ethics and culture, sponsorship, television broadcasting and stock exchange have been achieved through a combination of approximately 77 basic concepts. Accordingly, a comprehensive system of club football in football as a core issue based on causal management, financial, environmental and legal conditions and through club ownership and management strategies, formulation and monitoring system, club business registration, management Media, marketing and recruiting of skilled and specialized human resources is achieved through the privatization of clubs and realizing financial consequences such as increased income and employment, sense of belonging to the club, consolidation of management plans, limiting political interference and raising professional standards.
