Original Article
Afsane Kamali; Marzie Moosavi Khameneh; Zeinab Abbasi
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 9-32
Abstract
This research is to study the types of risks of young peoples, life in the present era. Risk is decisions that are taken at decisive moments. Risks were examined from different aspects. Then, social risks were chosen as the main theory. According to Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, perspectives, social ...
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This research is to study the types of risks of young peoples, life in the present era. Risk is decisions that are taken at decisive moments. Risks were examined from different aspects. Then, social risks were chosen as the main theory. According to Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, perspectives, social risk is the unintended consequence of decisions that takes place in conditions of awareness or non-awareness. Types of risks are high-risk behaviors, criminal behavior and illegal, social and economic risks and the risks of positive. Some of these risks have adverse effect on their lifes and against, some of these risks can change their lifes.Thus, if individuals are aware of the types of risks, they can show an appropriate response. Sample population was 330 young people (30-18 years old) in the city of Tehran, and data were collected using survey method through the technique of questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the variables of personal identity reflexivity, globalization and individualisation are the affecting factors on types of social risks. Some factors likely influence people's decisions and lead to undesirable consequences. The significant relationship between the variable of global crises and the social risks were not observed. In contrast, negative risks are of desirable consequences on individuals and can be considered as the engine of progress and development for any society or country. The results indicated that the positive risks had significant relationship with variable of globalization. Also there were Inverse relationship between positive risks and variables of personal identity reflexivity.
Original Article
Seyyed Mohsen Banijamali
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 33-54
Abstract
The article, considering conceptual problems in defining "youth health", describes why young people’s health situation has been deteriorated. It also investigates why young people, in spite of advances in welfare conditions, are not at the stage of health policies. It concludes young people’s ...
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The article, considering conceptual problems in defining "youth health", describes why young people’s health situation has been deteriorated. It also investigates why young people, in spite of advances in welfare conditions, are not at the stage of health policies. It concludes young people’s health behaviors are not at the priority of health policies.
In addition to conceptual problems in prioritizing "youth health", the article explores a disagreement between adults and young people on what really youth health is about. Since adults have the power to define and make policies, the article concludes that under these circumstances young people has been excluded from health welfare regimes.
After mentioning conceptual problems, the article, in a comparative sense, describes health related behaviors among young people. Both risk behaviors and health behaviors are expressed in details. The argument includes health knowledge, moral health, body image, physical activity, diet, eating disorders and dental health. It also consists of tobacco, cigarettes, alcohol and substance use. Citing these issues, the article reviews youth health behaviors in Iran.
Furthermore, the article discusses of determinants of health behaviors, pursuing to know which one, structural factors or human agency, better describes health situation among young people. Based on the facts, mentioned in the article, it has been approved that structural factors are yet the most important determinants of both states and statues of youth health. However it has been verified that effects of structural factors are changing due to the age of adolescents. It has been confirmed that while young people are growing up their lifestyle become more relevant in predicting their health situation.
Original Article
Soheila Sadeghi Fasai; Somayeh Bolboli Qadikolai
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 55-74
Abstract
This Paper is to study the relation between morality and deviation known as “modeling” among young girls in order to present moral typology. The paper applied qualitative methodology. Data gathering process was through deep and semi-structured interviews with 32 models at mazandaran center ...
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This Paper is to study the relation between morality and deviation known as “modeling” among young girls in order to present moral typology. The paper applied qualitative methodology. Data gathering process was through deep and semi-structured interviews with 32 models at mazandaran center of fighting with organized cyber crimes. Data analyses were accomplished through thematic analysis method under qualitative methodological movement. Three moral types were found out of research: Preference Hedonists, Instrumentalists, and self-alien habitual. The first moral types become apparent with three different views: Expressive, motive-centered consequentialism and pure art. Some of them find hedonism in being famous, some of them in being specific, some of them in being visible, some of them in advising other women, some group in making opportunity for women, some of them in lack of body management, and some in cat-walking as a pure art. But agents with instrumental morality observe modeling merely as an instrument to attach some specific goals such as escape from garrison-like family, or revenge from solid religious structure of family and patriarchy. The young girls who classified as self-alien habitual are not in search of any specific goal and hedonism. Formation of alienation in such a group, makes modeling as a habitual action for them.
Original Article
Hossein Afrasiabi; Fahimeh Khoobyari; Shafie Ghodrati; Saeid Dashtizad
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 75-88
Abstract
Hope to future is a vital factor for social welfare, individual happiness and a source of social dynamism and progress. The study is to investigate the social factors affected youth (university students in Yazd) hope to future. The research conducted in quantitative approach and research method was survey. ...
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Hope to future is a vital factor for social welfare, individual happiness and a source of social dynamism and progress. The study is to investigate the social factors affected youth (university students in Yazd) hope to future. The research conducted in quantitative approach and research method was survey. Data gathered through a questionnaire answered by 450 students of Yazd city universities who were selected by random cluster sampling method. Descriptive results showed that youth’s hope was upper than average scale and hope changed based on grade and field. Also, men reported more hope to future than woman. Semester, family income, professional identity, age and gender are the most important explanatory variables in hope to future for the sample. Proper planning can help students to recognize and strength the capabilities of belonging to the social role and hope to future and improve their success in life, education and employment.
Original Article
Zabihallah Sadafi; Mohammad Valizadeh Kolivand
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 89-112
Abstract
This paper is to explane Effective Factors on the Youth Attitude to Crime Sociologically and based on the theory of I. Ajzen & M. Fishbein (1980). Based on survey research methods and according to written interview techniques (based on Rensis Likert questionnaire), we tried to refere ...
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This paper is to explane Effective Factors on the Youth Attitude to Crime Sociologically and based on the theory of I. Ajzen & M. Fishbein (1980). Based on survey research methods and according to written interview techniques (based on Rensis Likert questionnaire), we tried to refere to Alborz Center of the Correcting and Training (Sampling method appropriate to the environment and estimate the sample size by the Morgan). Among 83 young people (boys) imprisoned, about 73 people were interviewed based on Multiple regression analysis and regression Square equation.As the result, it can be explained 55% change at attitudes to crime, with the impact of continued preferential interactions, Place of crime, and migration motives.Therefore, 30% of this amount is regarding the Share (positive /rising) of preferential interactions, 17% regarding the Share (positive /rising) of incidence of crime, and 7% regarding the Share (positive /Collective) of migration motives. So, with emphasis on mechanisms of socialization (Family, school, friends, organizations and the media) and with Creation of the Sports capital, Entertainment venues, libraries, Cultural centers, Religious communities and appropriate training Advertising through Billboards, shopping center, Malls, and so on, we can prevent the process of crime.
Original Article
Masoud Zamani Moghaddam; Moosa Afzalian Salami; Seyyed Hossein Serajzade
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 113-127
Abstract
Nowadays, young people particularly Iranian students are impressed by the features and elements of the modern world. Therefore, attitudes towards suicide, euthanasia and the fear of death have changed. This article studies their attitudes towards these phenomena according to their religiosity. This paper ...
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Nowadays, young people particularly Iranian students are impressed by the features and elements of the modern world. Therefore, attitudes towards suicide, euthanasia and the fear of death have changed. This article studies their attitudes towards these phenomena according to their religiosity. This paper has been done by Interpretivism and interrogative strategy paradigm and qualitative methods. The data were collected from a sample of 19-27 year-old Students that were chosen both purposive and theoretically, through open-ended questions and in-depth interviews. They were analyzed by the application of grounded theory method. Outcomes and results show the centrality of religiosity of the students in their attitude toward suicide, euthanasia and the fear of death. Thus, the central issue is "religious-secular attitude toward suicide, euthanasia and the fear of death". The results show these factors affect the young students attitudes toward death: Religious status, family and attitude in the hereafter. Moreover, the consequences of these conditions create their attitudes to suicide, euthanasia and the fear of death.
Original Article
Gholam Reza Shabani Bahar; Nasrollah Erfani; Mahmoud Goodarzi; Ali Monsef
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 129-146
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to explain the indicators that influence success Sports Teams Success in International Events. Statically society including coaches, athletes and performance directors of Four Federations and National Olympic Committee and the Ministry of Sports and youth leaders that ...
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The purpose of this research was to explain the indicators that influence success Sports Teams Success in International Events. Statically society including coaches, athletes and performance directors of Four Federations and National Olympic Committee and the Ministry of Sports and youth leaders that are non-randomly targeted and 153 subjects were selected based on Morgan table. Data gathering tool was the standardized questionnaire of elite sports climate (De Bosscher,2011) which consists of 95 questions. Content validity was evaluated by experts in the field of sports management and the reliability of the questionnaire through a pilot study with 30 participants and Cronbach’s Alpha (0/93) respectively. Using path analysis, the factors affecting the success of the sports teams were surveyed. The results showed that both external financial support and Elite sport environment to the ensemble of respectively (0/189 , P<0/01), (0/199 ,P<0/05) have significant effect on the sporting success. Also talent identification variable had a standardized coefficient about 0/348. The maximum effect was of sports participation with standardized coefficients the 0/035 and post-Career support with standardized coefficients the 0/134- the minimum direct effect in sporting success. Finally, sporting administrators and policy makers should notice these success factors and focus on them.
Original Article
Zohreh Moosavi; Mehdi Salimi
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 120-140
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to evaluate the barriers of professional ethics growth of players of Iran soccer premier league. Statistical community of study includes all of managers, coaches and players of soccer premier league and senior managers of Islamic republic of Iran federation. Base on this, ...
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The purpose of present study was to evaluate the barriers of professional ethics growth of players of Iran soccer premier league. Statistical community of study includes all of managers, coaches and players of soccer premier league and senior managers of Islamic republic of Iran federation. Base on this, statistical sample of study considered 32 managers (19 managing directors and assistants at mentioned clubs and 13 premier managers of soccer federation), 18 coaches (coach and head coach) and 100 players which 132 questionnaires of total distributed questionnaires have been referred and accepted. Questionnaire of study designed by library studies and interviewing with prominent masters of sport management that had 32 questions include barriers of professional ethics growth of players of Iran soccer premier league. For data analysis, Bartlet, Exploratory factorial analysis, One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnove, One Sample t, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests have been used. The results of study showed that barriers of professional ethics growth of players of Iran soccer premier league divided to 4 groups organizational and management, cultural and social barriers, and barriers related to manpower, and economic barriers. Through organizational and management barriers lack of comprehensive system and ethics supervision at performance of players, and lack of presence of professional behavior in total body of championship competitions; through social and cultural barriers, placement of sport second goals instead of first (primitive) goals, and physical and mental barriers of competition environment; through barriers related to man power lack of strategic viewpoint of managers to professional ethics , and lack of motivation of players for observance of professional ethics principals; and through economic barriers presence of wandering and huge financial capitals in sport, had priority.
Original Article
Shahrzad Nayyeri; Marjan Saffari
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 150-151
Abstract
Using qualitative research strategy and the Delphi technique, this study aimed to identify the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting's (IRIB) dysfunctions in sports area. The data were collected through two steps. In the first step, a list of propositions pertaining to the media dysfunctions was prepared ...
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Using qualitative research strategy and the Delphi technique, this study aimed to identify the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting's (IRIB) dysfunctions in sports area. The data were collected through two steps. In the first step, a list of propositions pertaining to the media dysfunctions was prepared through searching bibliographic resources and theories on the communication area. Then in the second step, the elicited propositions were used as a baseline for preparing a semi-structured questionnaire, and the Delphi Technique was used to collect experts' opinions about these propositions. The first and second steps included 20 and 17 experts, respectively. Members of the Group of experts included academic experts in the fields of sport management, media management, public administration and communication and executive experts who have more than fifteen years of experience in the field of media and sports that were selected by purposive sampling. Totally, 18 propositions were confirmed by at least 60% of experts, and six propositions failed to reach the minimum consensus. Eight propositions are consistent with the assumptions of agenda setting theory, three propositions are consistent with the assumptions of use & gratification theory and other propositions are consistent with the assumptions of framing theory, dependency theory, social identity theory, hegemonic theory and disposition based theory. The findings demonstrated that TV, as a media, was not solely an effective phenomenon in sports; however, despite its many positive functions, it had several undesirable functions which have not been dealt with enough so far. Ignoring such functional deviations can diminish even the ideal functions of this media in comparison with its various dysfunctions in sports area.
Original Article
Amir Saed Vakil; Amir Arsalan Eskandari,
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 193-205
Abstract
The involving economic, cultural, and even political aspects of the sports industry are undoubted; On the other hand, increasing incentives to invest in the sector leads policy makers to be concerned on actors’ confidence in the sport society including governments, players, and businessmen. Such ...
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The involving economic, cultural, and even political aspects of the sports industry are undoubted; On the other hand, increasing incentives to invest in the sector leads policy makers to be concerned on actors’ confidence in the sport society including governments, players, and businessmen. Such a situation brings the idea of establishing national sports tribunal, as an institution where assists resolution of sports disputes based on its traits and needs, at the core of attention. In the present paper, after reviewing the status and characteristics of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, which could be known as International Supreme Court of Sports, we will point out the role of national courts to develop sports law. Subsequently, besides studying state practices for establishment of sports national tribunals as well as underlying advantages, important relevant legal considerations under Iranian legal system will be considered. Thus, firstly, we will elaborate the scope of judicial and semi-judicial organs’ powers in the realm of domestic as well as international sports disputes; and secondly, to answer the question that whether the establishment of national sports tribunal would be possible in Iran, the related obstacles and necessary measures for avoiding the problems will be touched concisely.
Original Article
Asal Rajayan; Hadi Zahedi; Mahsa Mortezaeean; Shahab Parvinpoor
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 207-218
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare physical fitness and mental health factors among active, non active and mountaineer aged people. For this reason elderly were selected randomly through questionnaires in north of Tehran. According to their activeness and type of activity, subjects divided into ...
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The purpose of this study was to compare physical fitness and mental health factors among active, non active and mountaineer aged people. For this reason elderly were selected randomly through questionnaires in north of Tehran. According to their activeness and type of activity, subjects divided into three groups of Mountaineer (n: 15), active(n: 14) and Sedentary (n:14).Then General Health Questionnaire Goldberg (GHQ) were administered and their cardiovascular and physical and motor fitness factors consist of: Body Fat percent, Blood pressure, Heart Rate, BMI, Reaction time, modified balk test were measured. Physiological data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, and General Health Questionnaire Goldberg data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).The results showed that there was significant difference between average of aerobic capacity in three groups (P≤0.01) and the mountaineer group had better aerobic capacity . Also there was significant difference among groups in scores of somatic symptom, anxiety, social performance, severe depression domains and the average in General Health. In other word the average of General Health in mountaineer group were better than the other groups( p≤0/05). Conclusion according to these results, Adults recommended to in regular physical activities for increasing length of life.
Original Article
Fateme Abdavi; Akram Mehdizadeh
Volume 15, Issue 31 , December 2016, Pages 219-237
Abstract
The study is to clarify the status of sport and the needs of Urmia citizens to sports spaces. The research was conducted as a descriptive survey and field. The population of the investigation was all over 20 yearold Urmia citizens who had at least a high school degree and 368 samples were chosen ...
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The study is to clarify the status of sport and the needs of Urmia citizens to sports spaces. The research was conducted as a descriptive survey and field. The population of the investigation was all over 20 yearold Urmia citizens who had at least a high school degree and 368 samples were chosen based on a Morgan. To collect the data, a questionnaire assessment of citizens in public sports- by Majid Heydari Chrudeh (1390)- with reliability a=0/72was used. This research is descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test and test, regression analysis multiple, Friedman test) was used. The results showed that, given the amount of F, there are significant differences (P <0/05) between the components of research among the citizens in terms of revenue (F =23.40), regional (F =6. 82) and education (F =23.04). Also according to the t, there is not any significant differences (P <0/05) between the components of research among employees in terms of marital status (t =-1/76). Yet on the demographic characteristics gender (t =4.78) difference is significant. Friedman test results showed that the unevenness of the sidewalks and running the first priority, and the lack of space for families and not enough space for seniors to second and third, respectively the needs of the citizens. Therefore, it can be concluded that the authorities should adequately note about the result of the research in the field of sport for the development of quantitative and qualitative health of citizens apply.
